This documentary follows a team of researchers as they attempt to locate the wreck using coordinates recorded by the doomed ship’s navigator and endure conditions that remain treacherous to this day. On April 9, 1916, the crew, still 28 men including Shackleton, climbed into three lifeboats they had saved from the Endurance. [11] In 2001, wreck hunter David Mearns unsuccessfully planned an expedition to find the wreck of Endurance. The ice around the ship moved and broke throughout the night, battering the port side of the hull. From 1969, the Shackleton was operated by BAS’s parent body, NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) as an oceanographic research vessel. She was launched in 1912 from Sandefjord in Norway; three years later, she was crushed by pack ice and sank in the Weddell Sea off Antarctica. As the ice moved against her stern, the aft part of the ship was lifted up and the damaged sternpost and the rudder were torn away. The ice was relatively still for the rest of the month. In the afternoon of 25 October, the pressure of the ice increased further. She was launched in 1912 from Sandefjord in Norway; three years later, she was crushed by pack ice and sank in the Weddell Sea off Antarctica. On 14 July 1915, Endurance was swept by a southwest gale, with wind speeds of 112 km/h (31 m/s; 70 mph), a barometer reading of 28.88 inches of mercury (978 hPa) and temperatures falling to −33 °F (−36 °C). Number 2 hold filled with water but using the ship’s pumps and temporary repairs she was stabilised and, escorted by the whaling ship Southern Venturer and HMS Protector, put into Stromness Bay, South Georgia, for repair. In total, nearly 3.5 tons of stores were recovered from the wrecked ship. Endurance was the three-masted barquentine in which Sir Ernest Shackleton and a crew of 27 men and one cat sailed for the Antarctic on the 1914–1917 Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. The row of five cabins that had been on the port side of the main deck above the engine room and their contents had been compressed into the space of a single cabin. Tasked with leading twenty-seven men back across the tundra, Shackleton’s battle was one of survival. Endurance was originally built for Adrien de Gerlache and Lars Christensen, who intended to use her for polar cruises for tourists to hunt polar bears. [12] By 2003, two rival groups were making plans for an expedition to find the wreck,[12][13] but no expedition was actually mounted. Undoubtedly she is the finest little wooden vessel ever built...." Despite this, the ship's decks were permanently buckled following this ordeal. The main man-powered deck pumps did not work as their intakes had frozen and could only be restored by pouring buckets of boiling water onto the pump pipes from inside the coal bunkers and then playing a blowtorch over the intake valve. The Endurance was a 3-masted barquentine or barkentine that was first built in Norway as the Polaris and renamed the Endurance by Shackleton when it was purchased for the expedition. In just five seconds the ship was canted over to port by 20 degrees, and the list continued until she rested at 30 degrees, with the port bulwark resting on the pack and the boats on that side nearly touching the ice as they hung in their davits. Shackleton decided that the consumption of coal and manpower, and the risk of damage to the ship, was too great and called a halt.[2]. In 1998, wreckage found at Stinker Point on the southwestern side of Elephant Island was incorrectly identified as flotsam from the ship. The forward topgallant mast and topmasts collapsed as the bow was finally crushed. On 24 February, regular watches on the ship were cancelled, with the Endurance now functioning as a shore station. Her role was primarily that of a survey and science vessel, supporting marine geophysics programmes. Each timber had been made from a single oak tree chosen for its shape so that its natural shape followed the curve of the ship's design. Two days after leaving South Georgia, Endurance encountered polar pack ice and progress slowed to a crawl. The interior of the ship was almost full of compacted ice and snow, making further work impossible. The main deck of the Endurance buckled upwards amidships and the beams sheared. ", Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in November 1915, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endurance_(1912_ship)&oldid=1010303094, Wikipedia articles with KULTURNAV identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 350 hp (260 kW) Coal-fired steam and sail, This page was last edited on 4 March 2021, at 20:20. Endurance was the three-masted barquentine in which Sir Ernest Shackleton and a crew of 27 men and one cat sailed for the Antarctic on the 1914–1917 Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. Fram was bowl-bottomed, which meant that if the ice closed in against her, the ship would be squeezed up and out and not be subject to the pressure of the ice compressing around her. As well as sails, Endurance had a 350 horsepower (260 kW) coal-fired steam engine capable of speeds up to 10.2 knots (18.9 km/h; 11.7 mph). In the late afternoon of 21 November, movement of the remaining wreckage was noticed as another pressure wave hit. Antarctic team closes in on legendary Sir Ernest Shackleton shipwreck The Endurance, the ship of explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton, has been lost to … McNish constructed a cofferdam in the shaft tunnel to seal off the damaged stern area while the crew were arranged in spells of 15 minutes on, 15 minutes off on the main pump. Sir Ernest Shackleton's 1914 expedition to Antarctica is one of the greatest stories of leadership and survival in history. With Laurence Fishburne. On 24 February, Shackleton realised that they would be held in the ice throughout the winter and ordered ship's routine abandoned. But after months trapped in ice, the pressure from the shifting floes twists and breaks the ships; it slowly fills with water and Shackleton … The Times praised Endurance as "built specially for work in Polar seas", adding that "in an ice-coated sea there can be no turbulent waves which are the causes of so many disasters in warmer zones."[3]. One of the most a Shackleton and his crew were forced to give up the Endurance in 1915 when frozen floes crushed its hull. With the ship eventually sinking into the depths, Shackleton and his crew now set up in camps on precarious sheets of ice. In the early morning of 24 January, a wide crack appeared in the ice 50 yards (46 m) ahead of the ship. Her new equipment included four ship's boats. Around the same time, the bow planking was stove in, causing simultaneous flooding in the engine room and the forward hold. After his ship sinks, Shackleton leads 27 … In January 1915, the Endurance became trapped in ice, ultimately forcing Shackleton and his men to vacate the ship and set up camp on the floating ice. He also noted that any future attempts at finding the Endurance would be "add-ons" to other main scientific expeditions to the area such as the one in 2019, which was launched with the intention to study the melting and retreat of the Larsen ice shelves. It was decided to move forward and work through the pack, and at 5:00 PM Endurance entered it. By 24 January, the wind had completely compressed the ice in the Weddell Sea against the land, leaving Endurance icebound as far as the eye could see in every direction. The third was a larger 22.5-foot (6.9 m) double-ended rowing whaleboat built for the expedition to specifications drawn up by Frank Worsley, Endurance's new captain. [5][6], When discussing the advertisement in the 1944 book Quit You like Men, Carl Hopkins Elmore quoted Shackleton as saying that "so overwhelming was the response to his appeal that it seemed as though all the men of Great Britain were determined to accompany him. (Photographer: Douglas Brown; Archives ref: AD6/19/3/B66), British Antarctic Survey (BAS) is a component of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). RRS Ernest Shackleton is an icebreaking vessel used primarily as a logistics (research/survey/cargo) supply ship serving Antarctica-based scientific stations. Ernest Shackleton's ship the Endurance is most famous for not making it to the edge of the Antarctic continent in the Weddell Sea and instead being caught in the sea-ice and eventually being crushed, sinking hundreds of miles from land, the outside world knew nothing of these events until Shackleton himself escaped and brought about rescue of his companions. The ship pushed its way through leads in the ice for several weeks, gingerly working its way south, but on 18 January, a northern gale jammed the pack hard against the ground and tightly squeezed the floes against each other. The ensign was re-rigged on the tip of one of the foremast yardarms which, constrained by the rigging, was now hanging vertically from the remains of the foremast and was the highest point of the wreck. She left Grytviken on 5 December 1914, heading for the southern regions of the Weddell Sea. Departures are roundtrip from Port Stanley (Falkland Islands). Two pressure waves struck the ship on 29 August without incident. Over the next days, the crew waited for the southerly gale to release the pressure on the ice, but while the wind backed to the hoped-for south/southwest direction, it remained light and erratic. As launched she had 10 passenger cabins, a spacious dining saloon and galley (with accommodation for two cooks), a smoking room, a darkroom to allow passengers to develop photographs, electric lighting and even a small bathroom. A gale overnight further disturbed the floe, driving it against the starboard side of the hull and forcing a sheet of ice upwards at a 45-degree angle until it reached the level of the scuppers. When British explorer Ernest Shackleton and the crew of HMS Endurance lost their ship to crushing pack ice in the Weddell Sea in 1915, their chances of survival seemed dim. Carpenter Harry McNish noted that the solid oak beams supporting the upper deck were being visibly bent "like a piece of cane". Initially 15 feet (4.6 m) across, by mid-morning the break was over a quarter of a mile (0.4 km) wide, giving the men on the Endurance hope that the ice was breaking up. As the ship went astern for successive attempts, lines were attached from the bow to loosened blocks of ice, estimated to weigh 20 tons (18 tonnes), in order to clear the path. From 1969, the Shackleton was operated by BAS’s parent body, NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) as an oceanographic research vessel. Parts of the rigging were snapped under the strain. (CNN) — The team of the Weddell Sea Expedition aimed to locate the Endurance, the ship famously lost to the ice in 1915, during Ernest Shackleton's attempt to … Still, the men on the ship hoped for either a change in the weather which would break up the pack or that, by the spring, the warmer weather and the ship's northward drift would mean it was released. The refit also saw the ship repainted from her original white color to a more austere black, which was more visible amongst the ice, and features such as gilt scrollwork on the bow and stern were painted over. On 18 January, the gale began to moderate and Endurance set the topsail with the engine at slow. The ship's Blue Ensign was hoisted up her mizzen mast so that she would, in Shackleton's word's, "go down with colours flying.". This included removing many of the passenger cabins to make room for space for stores and equipment, while the crew cabins on the lower deck were removed and converted into a cargo hold – the reduced crew of sailors that Shackleton would take on the expedition would make their quarters in the cramped forecastle. Ernest Shackleton’s Endurance has not been seen since 1915, when the ship was crushed soon after its arrival in Antarctica by sea ice during his ill-fated trans-Antarctic crossing. The pool proved too small for the ship to gain enough momentum to successfully ram her way clear and by the end of the day the ice began to freeze up again. It instead was from the 1877 wreck of the Connecticut sealing ship Charles Shearer. She suffered severe flooding in 2008 due to procedural errors during maintenance and, despite being returned to the UK, was not repaired prior to being scrapped in 2016. All of her crew survived. The ship remained trapped for ten months before finally sinking into the depths of the Weddell Sea, watched by Shackleton’s team, who had set up camp on the floating ice. Ernest Shackleton's ship, the Endurance, caught in an ice pack in the Weddell Sea off Coats Land during his Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1914. It's going to take a monumental effort to locate the iconic ship of Antarctic explorer Ernest Shackleton. Small wages, bitter cold, long months of complete darkness, constant danger, safe return doubtful. The only way to retrieve them was to cut through the main deck, which was more than a foot thick in places and itself under three feet of water. This put the ship in a seemingly safe position – instead of being pinched between two opposing masses of ice the Endurance had been pushed from starboard to port and further pressure from starboard would push her bodily upwards over the top of the port-side floe, which had actually collided with its counterpart under the ship's bilge. Under these conditions it was soon evident progress could not be made, and Endurance took shelter under the lee of a large grounded iceberg. After over a quarter of an hour, a force from astern pushed the ship's bow up onto the floe, lifting the hull out of the pressure and with a list of five degrees to her port side. This provided a long fetch for the south-setting wind to blow over and then for the broken ice to pile up against itself while individual parts moved in different directions. Endurance, on the other hand, was designed with great inherent strength in her hull in order to resist collision with ice floes and to break through pack ice by ramming and crushing; she was therefore not intended to be frozen into heavy pack ice, and so was not designed to rise out of a crush. Only one boiler had been lit and there was insufficient steam to use the engine, so all the sails were set to try to force the ship into the loosening pack ice but without success. In 1914, Ernest Shackleton led an expedition to Antarctica, only for his ship – the Endurance – to become trapped, and ultimately destroyed, by shifting pack-ice. [16] A Weddell Sea Expedition to locate and possibly photograph the wreck using long-range Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV) was underway in the Antarctic summer of 2018–2019. In 2010, Mearns announced a new plan to search for the wreck. The following day a lead of open water was seen ahead of the ship. Honour and recognition in case of success. In the event, Christensen was happy to sell the ship to Ernest Shackleton for GB£11,600, which represented a significant loss to Christensen as it barely covered the outstanding payments to Framnæs, let alone the ship's total build costs. By October, temperatures of nearly 42 °F (6 °C) were recorded and the ice showed further signs of opening up. Despite the ordeal of the past few days, the ship remained undamaged. There was one major difference between the ships. [2] All that could be done was to wait for a southerly gale to start pushing in the other direction, which would decompress and open the ice. American journalist Alfred Lansing's 1959 book Endurance: Shackleton's Incredible Voyage described the ordeal that Shackleton and his men endured aboard the ship, and quickly became a bestseller. Shackleton published details of his new expedition, grandly titled the "Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition", early in 1914. Though her hull looked from the outside like that of any other vessel of a comparable size, it was not. The gale increased in intensity and kept blowing for another six days from a northerly direction towards land. As the floes continued to diminish for the season, they went to sea in three open boats, and over the course of seven days, finally made it to Elephant Island, some 346 miles from where the Endurance went down. Shackleton had the ship relocated from Norway to London. After this frustration, Endurance's boilers were extinguished, committing the ship to drift with the ice until released naturally. She arrived at the Millwall Dock in the spring of 1914, where she was refitted and modified for expedition purposes. It took nearly four hours for the boilers to be filled with freshwater melted from ice, and then a leak was discovered in one of the fittings and they had to be pumped out, repaired and then refilled. Two were 21-foot (6.4 m) transom-built rowing cutters purchased secondhand from the whaling industry. All of her crew survived. The footplates in the engine room were pushed up and would no longer sit in place as the compartment was compressed. After her refit, Endurance made the short coastal journey to Plymouth. In some places, the outer hull planks were now in line with the keel. On 19 January 1915, Endurance became locked in the ice of the Weddell Sea. In such a situation she was dependent on the ultimate strength of her hull alone.[2]. But after Shackleton’s ship, HMS Endurance, was trapped by pack ice—and slowly succumbed to its crushing pressure—the expedition's fate, … Shackleton's battle against the odds and his unfailing commitment to bring all his men out alive turned him into a … The plan is sponsored by the National Geographic Society but is subject to finding sponsorship for the balance of the US$10 million estimated cost. Two Antarctic patrol ships of the British Royal Navy have been named Endurance in honour of Shackleton's ship. The floe which had been jammed against the ship's starboard side since July broke up on 14 October, casting the Endurance afloat in a pool of open water for the first time in nine months. Financial problems led to Gerlache pulling out of their partnership, leaving Christensen unable to pay the Framnæs yard the final amounts to hand over and outfit the ship. Sir Ernest Shackleton's ship Endurance became trapped in ice in 1915 and he made 800-mile journey for help Shackleton and five others left in April and remaining 22 … These moments were recorded on film by expedition photographer Frank Hurley. This caused regions of intense localised pressure in the ice field. She was renamed RRS Shackleton by Mrs Arthur, wife of the then Governor of the Falkland Islands and Dependencies, in a ceremony at Southampton on 19 Dec 1955. Despite futile efforts to pump the water out and repair the damage, Shackleton gave the order to abandon ship on 27th October with the entire crew now beset on the ice. Within the space of a minute, the stern of the Endurance was lifted clear of the ice as the floes moved together and then, as the pressure passed and they moved apart, the entire wreck fell into the ocean. On 23 October, pressure ridges could be seen forming in the ice and moving near the ship. [19] According to Professor Julian Dowdeswell of the Scott Polar Research Institute, that due to the aforementioned conditions on the sea bed, there is speculation that the Endurance shouldn't be harmed and that it would be in the same state as it was when it sank in the pack ice in 1915. In any case, after four hours in this position, the ice drew apart and the ship returned to a level keel. To find crew for the Endurance, Shackleton reportedly placed an advertisement in the London Times, reading: Men wanted for hazardous journey. Expedition ship Endurance would land Shackleton and a crossing party on the Weddell Sea side and they would pioneer a rout to the South Pole before journeying across the polar plateau and descending the Beardmore Glacier to the Ross Ice Shelf. But the icy terrain between the ship and the shore was too arduous to travel while carrying the materials and supplies needed for the overland expedition. This caused the loosening pack to compress against the Antarctic coast once again. [19], Endurance: Shackleton's Incredible Voyage, List of Antarctic exploration ships from the Heroic Age, 1897–1922, "Shackleton's Ad – Men Wanted for Hazardous Journey", "The Greatest Adventures of All Time — The Great Survivor", "Shackleton Probably Never Took Out an Ad Seeking Men for a Hazardous Journey", "Endurance, Ships of the Antarctic explorers", "Blue Water Recoveries are a deep sea shipwreck recovery company", "Antarctic: Where 'zombies' thrive and shipwrecks are preserved", "Antarctic expedition to find Shackleton's lost, "Will anyone ever find Shackleton's lost ship?
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