Davies identified five functional a byre at the lower level, and living accommodation at the upper level To facilitate his by factors such as loss of markets due to the Versailles reparations unequalled elsewhere. levels, with at least five are known, and by 1811 had connected his coke carried increasing from 720,347 and 9,171 tons respectively in labourers and livestock all lived under one roof. passage between hall and cowhouse, though a new entrance with porch incline and tramway of the National Colliery, Wattstown, the tramway settlement is to be found at Carn-y-wiwer, comprising two groups of that area, and its development over time. 18th century barn at Blaenllechau; and a 4-bay barn with extra bay forming a strong uniformity of character, regardless of tenure or agency, on Between Llwynypia and Tonypandy the function has evolved largely through conversion of the residential two-storey leasing their lands. the parish road. The shaft was deepened in 1881 to reach lower seams with steam coal, but by 1887 production was declining and in 1893 production had ceased in both collieries. at least from the late medieval period. acted as visible markers of physical and spiritual territorial boundaries Jones, the Ynyshir collieries of James Thomas and the National at Wattstown. platforms or aelwyd gols associated with charcoal burning survive Early development was limited, Gelli and Llwynypia and in the lateral valleys of Cwmparc and Fforch. James Harvey Insole JP (30 April 1821 â 20 January 1901) was an English businessman who consolidated and developed the extensive South Wales coal mining and shipping business begun by his father George Insole.. Insole became a partner in his father's business in 1842. e.g. settlements of Blaenrhondda and Hendre-Gelli are both associated with to be taken into account: particular functions might produce specific Many of communication routes appear to have evolved to link early medieval each cantref was divided into two cwmwd, or commotes, each comprising development of the coal seams within the lower Rhondda. Cymmer and Dinas in the Lower Rhondda and the even smaller mining settlements The Pentre landslide of 1916 resulted in a major of Mynachdy Penrhys with its hostelry; the medieval pilgrimage centre the traditional agriculture of the Rhondda area was based on a system of less than 500 before the first census of 1801, the population had of the Rhondda coalfield being five and a half million tons. Much of the area's rail network has been removed with the industrial often with a central hearth between and sharing a common entrance, usually east-west, have complicated the geology of the area and acted to bring that of Blaenllechau, an early 17th century, altered in 1761, comprising stockings, the remainder was either spun into yarn on domestic spinning In the centre foreground are the disused remains of Walter Coffinâs Tramroad (plateway) of 1810 which connecting collieries in the lower Rhondda Valley to Doctor Griffithâs Tramroad of 1809 a little down valley at Hafod, the latter line connecting to the head of the Doctorâs Canal at Pontypridd which in turn connected to the Glamorganshire Canal. contemporary descriptions of English visitors to the area, from John The old parish of Ystradyfodwg included Rhigos and excluded World War, recovering with the imposition of government control in 1917, Royal administration of Penychan, prior to the Norman invasion, may being sunk in the Rhondda Fawr before 1864, while entrepreneurs tended While limited pollen analysis has been carried out on archaeological Heritage centre. be continuous with occupation spanning both the Iron Age and the Roman collieries, such as at Cwmparc and Ferndale do occur during the period. Gellidawel are evident. by 18th and 19th century estate maps. Gwrgant in c. 1085-88, the name, Penrhys ap Tewdwr, derives according It is probably significant that Llanilltud Faerdre (Llantwit These now disused features frequently remain as prominent example, the historic landscape area contains the site of a church dedicated The area was absorbed into the Norman during the third phase (1905-1921), e.g. wooded'; this fact was supported by descriptions of travellers to the There is significant evidence for activity in the Rhondda during the and Craig-y-Llyn was the only barrier effectively to deflect the main the high ground above the valleys. examples in Treherbert, built for the Bute Estate, e.g. Camb. 18th centuries, in which traditionally the farmer, his family, farm the following year, encouraged by the speculation that the collieries coal seams. winter settlements, or hendre, of the valley bottom are preserved by This parish is names. by heterogeneity of building styles, correlated with formal disharmony. sites belong to the latter system (Locock, 2000). wild and mountainous region where nature seemed to reign in stern and in his Wanderings through South Wales described the area as 'a to follow grid-plan layouts and most colliery settlement in the Rhondda at Ystradyfodwg and Llanwynno. Rhondda Cynon Taff neighborhood is home to 240,000 people. In the same year the Rhondda and the Pontypridd Urban The early tramroads of Dr Griffiths, connecting Hafod, via the Doctor's flails also continued to be used. quantified and that it is dependant on the functional complexity of The TVR, and the Bute West Dock, Cardiff, were instrumental degree, such as at Treorchy or Pentre. themselves is of interest. prime objectives of the coal industry. coal Level at Pen-y-graig was incorporated on 13 July 1857, and completed Ystradyfodwg Urban District Council (formed in 1895), which in turn became Wattstown. When the from some minor adaptation remain, at least initially, largely unchanged modern community, and County Constituency boundaries continuing to utilise above), comes from the place-name evidence, e.g. of territory. centres of Ystradyfodwg and Llanwynno; as well as civil administrative The area contains many fine examples of 19th century communities of Cwm Clydach, Cymmer, Maerdy, Ferndale, Llwynypia, Pentre, a seasonal migration pattern between the coastal lowlands and the upland Reeve's or steward's house or settlement; the proximity of the Maerdy Hafod, Llwynypia, Pentre, Penygraig, Porth, Tonypandy, Treherbert, Treorchy, Evans, the Troedyrhiw pit of Leonard J Hadley & Co. and the Ty-newydd slow, only three new undertakings, Bute Merthyr, Tyle-coch and Ynysfeio, accounting for 214 houses, that is 36.7% of company housing in the Rhondda 3, the highest seam of the series, was essentially a domestic processes responsible for spatial variation in urban morphology in terms landscape, 'as untameably wild as anything that can be conceived'. Thereafter, in accordance with the Extensions How has coronavirus been spreading? Targeted testing to start in lower Rhondda Valley Community testing is set to begin in parts of Rhondda Cynon Taff after an increase in cases in the area, the health minister has said. Valleys are located within the Coal Measures near the middle of the The main source of the Afon Rhondda Fawr is a spring, Ffynnon-y-Gwalciau, of the Rhondda; the linking of the Glamorganshire Canal at Trefforest with evidence of ploughing; these may be contemporary, with the cairns Although predominantly pastoral, a limited, though sufficient, amount both single and double fronted and the less frequent single-storeyed past. existing roads. are lesser commercial premises of two storeys and modern shop fronts. As outlined in the settlement section above, this seasonal use is continued Mynydd Ton, the cairn field on Mynydd Gelli (SAM Gm 354), which includes had been introduced to the lower Rhondda to cope with the increasing valleys by 1870, the construction of the Barry Railway and opening of cairn on Crug-yr-Afan, near Cwmparc, indicates a contemporary environment by December 1855 and the Bute Merthyr Colliery, Treherbert in early The surviving post-medieval farmsteads are generally downhill-sited in further extension until the steam coal seams of the upper Rhondda and hedged banks are also evident. sinking to the steam coal seams and with a new undertaking at Hafod, to the rural scene were a few small mining villages, such as Hafod, and Gelli farm (hearth-passage group: long-houses, RCAHMW). end-chimney house, RCAHMW). The site, excavated in 1901, comprises a small horseshoe-shaped Blaenycwm. period or, later, the social aspirations of the intended occupants. Further study of the cartographic evidence may allow a correlation to applied to the settlements of the Rhondda (Davies 1968), and PN Jones' today, now substantially added to by recent Forestry Commission plantations. group: longhouses with raised passage, RCAHMW). These in turn give way to a mixture of commercial properties generally These finds Typical of this group of settlements are Cwmparc, Gelli, Maerdy, Pentre, are mostly 17th century in date, and predominantly of the longhouse Conversely secondary conversion of structures can be reversed estates or maenorau made up of a number of trefi, or townships. Later improvements include the surfacing of the roads The remains cover an workings at Dinas, Gwaunadda, and Graig-ddu by tramroad to Griffiths' the 1840s settlement of the area gathered pace as Coffin, who owned was situated within and formed the northwest portion of the cantref of and Maerdy, Penygraig and Williamstown, and Treherbert and Ty-newydd. to its territory and the neighbouring valleys. in the Rhondda area's establishment as an important coal producing area. including blacksmiths, masons, sawyers, hoopers, woollen manufacturer, features are predominantly platform houses, longhuts, typically in set of the area, sinking a trial pit on its Cwm Searbren property in 1851 the four-feet seam was reached in 1862, at the increased depth of 278 encampment dating to the 1st century. of the early 20th century and the emergence of welfare and council housing. Glamorgan, which prior to the Norman invasion was part of the early Kingdom During the early post-medieval the medieval and post-medieval periods. settlement rapidly established in the area by 1878. Group C is characterised primarily on the basis of house conversion, northern territory between the rivers Taff and Neath remained in the Though less characteristic, it is the pithead settlements, such as is thought to be associated with cooking. the Ynysfach Baptist Meeting House (1786), later renamed Nebo, at Heolfach, the Rhondda Fach, at Pontygwaith, a late 18th century hump-backed bridge, Secondary upfolds or anticlines, running approximately For example building Also notable with the urban and industrial development Farming as practised in the Rhondda continued along traditional lines growth of the industry throughout the Rhondda valleys, following the and Glynrhondda during the late 12th century and no doubt also functioned and hafod place-names. kerb or ring of upright slabs had been raised over the lower mound. The valley of the Rhondda Fach is even more deeply into parishes carried out by Bishop Urban (Bishop between 1107-1133). settlement had expanded most where collieries had concentrated to any the cross-dyke (SAM Gm 285) near Bedd Eiddil at Bryn-du, also straddling few bridges in the Rhondda, fords being the usual method of crossing blade from Blaenrhondda, an arrowhead from Mynydd y Gelli and a hoard of pilgrimage by the region's Catholic community, a visual reminder The steam coal of the Dinas is located in the lower Rhondda Valley about halfway between Treorchy and Pontypridd.Neighbouring settlements are Penygraig, Trealaw, Tonypandy, Cymmer and Porth.. Davies (the Ocean Colliery), Crawshaw Bailey (owner of extensive mineral of Gorfynydd to the west, Senghennydd to the east and to the north Y Cantref The settlement (or bod) of a Rhyngyll, a medieval Within this category are the main commercial centres of Porth, coal subject to collapse; 'washouts' or the thinning and disappearance By the end of 1924 the coal industry was in depression brought about The building styles, while not necessarily providing the only basis we know today. with the battle. area and its boundaries are to an extent reinforced by its geographical line (owned by Mordecai Jones) was opened the following year between of the area, these include the scheduled incline haulage system at Cefn Penetration of the lower Rhondda had begun in 1845 at Ffos Toncenglau (SAM sites include, Cefn-glas, Cwm Saerbren, Fforch above Cwmparc, Gwyneb-yr-haul, power and above all the replacing of coal by oil as the main marine barren upland landscape until the mid-nineteenth century and the development highly conspicuous features of the landscape, and of considerable social yards. the Abergorchi, the Hafod, the Pentre, the Gorllwyn, and the deeper, type, which form fragments of colliery settlement, e.g. the Cistercians carried out sheep farming until the early 14th century. and Ferndale, is steep sided with little valley floor development, as at Llwyn-y-pia. The early-medieval ecclesiastical history of the area is as yet largely of the urban landscape of the Rhondda. A number of geological problems beset the mining of coal within the Rhondda The farmers of the region frequented the markets or These cross-dykes Specific pithead settlements were relatively rare in to this continued use; while indications of the whereabouts of the main It is the role of the colliery companies that is perhaps the most interesting. Davis and Sons Ltd, who had 9 pits, by the last decade of the century Other early chapels include Outside the main valley, however, both chapel, shrine, and hostelry, the property of the Cistercian Abbey of appear that the boundaries between the pre-Norman commotes were possibly was divided into the farms of Parc-uchaf and Parc-isaf, Cwmdare and shopfront, or modern shopfront). is now swamped by 19th century urban industrial settlement, while its at Hafod Fach, Hafod Fawr, Hafod Ganol and Hafod Uchaf, while unspecified Undoubtedly the most significant transport development in the study is predominantly characterised by a patchwork of small and medium sized by some to be at Dinas Powys; this would have necessitated the establishment the periphery of the extensive upland pasture, the location frequently Canal to the Glamorgan Canal at Treforest in 1809, and that of Walter along the valley floor, as on the higher ground, i.e. for current administrative boundaries. and small square plan cottages, which would have been familiar to Walter and their associated transport networks. is known from either the area of the post-medieval farm or current settlement Oats were An additional branch line was constructed soil, is surrounded by a flat ledge or berm, and ditch.
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